Scrubbing and rubbing
For routine surgical hand preparation alcohol-based handrubs are superior to scrubs because they are equally effective but cause less skin irritation, are cheaper, and use less water.
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Visualisation of substances by radiation with short-waved or ultraviolet light. After rubbing hands with a disinfectant that contains a fluorescent preparation (e.g. Visirub®), possible gaps in coverage can be visualised under a short-waved light source (UV/black light).
