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Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

Bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO)

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worrying development, especially in healthcare facilities. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) include bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (MDRGN).

Infections with MDRO are difficult to therapize and associated with higher morbidity and lethality. Therefore, hygiene measures must be taken to prevent transmission from one patient to another, as well as infection of the colonised patient himself.

Due to the limited treatment options for MDRO infections, hygiene management plays a key role in prevention. Basic hygiene, such as indication-based hand hygiene, is an important pillar here. Extended measures may also be necessary.

Here you will find helpful information on

Basic hygiene
Extended hygiene measures for MDRO
Effectiveness of disinfectants
and much more

Multi-resistant bacteria

MDROs are bacteria that show resistance to several classes of antibiotics. Clinically relevant MDROs are mainly vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)...

Multidrug-resistant pathogens – each year, more than 10 000 infections preventable through hygiene alone

“We run into danger that our antibiotics are not effective enough anymore...

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant or multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The most frequently identified antibiotic-resistant pathogen in and outside hospitals which first developed resistances to all antibiotics with beta-lactam structure...

ESBL

ESBL stands for "extended-spectrum beta-lactamase". These enzymes (beta-lactamases) produced by some Enterobacteriaceae –destroy the beta-lactam ring of antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins...

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Due to the different virulence factors, the infections are roughly divided into two group...

VRE

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (or glycopeptide-resistant enterococci - GRE). Enterococcal isolates or strains that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics, including vancomycin. Here, vancomycin represents the main antibiotic for...

Enterococcus faecalis (incl. VRE)

The Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis bacterium can be observed singly, in pairs or in chains, and belongs to the Enterococcaceae family. Being similar in morphology and structure, it had formerly been classified as Streptococcus. The bacterium...

Enterococcus faecium (incl. VRE)

Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive bacterium that can be observed singly, in pairs, or in chains. It belongs to the Enterococcaceae family. The bacterium can utilise both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration pathways...

Klebsiella pneumoniae (incl. ESBL/MRGN)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Most frequent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections include lower respiratory tract infection and catheter-associated urinary tract...

Staphylococcus aureus (incl. MRSA, VRSA)

Staphylococcus aureus is an aerobic, spherical, Gram-positive bacterium in the Staphylococcaceae family. Staphylococcus aureus may elicit skin inflammations (cellulitis, furuncle) and muscle inflammations. In hospitals, it is the most common...

Staphylococcus epidermidis (incl. MRSE)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an aerobic, spherical, Gram-positive bacterium in the Staphylococcaceae family. In immunocompromised hospitalised patients, the bacterium may trigger catheter-associated sepsis and endocarditis respectively...

MRGN

Multi-resistant Gram-negative rods. MRGN are a large group of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics used as main therapeutics for severe infections (acylaminopenicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolones). Regardless of the underlying...

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)

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Knowledge Database

The A-to-Z database provides information on each pathogen, the most common infections that it triggers, its main transmission paths and recommendations on disinfection. In the glossary, you will find explanations of infection control terms. Search now!

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DISINFACTS

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Streptococcus pyogenes (incl. PRSP)

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Streptococcal infections on the rise in Japan

Streptococci

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by toxin-producing group A streptococci. The incidence of TSS is low worldwide, although a regional cluster has been observed in Japan since the beginning of this year. What is causing the increase in infections and how can we protect ourselves? Learn more in our article.