Scrubbing and rubbing

For routine surgical hand preparation alcohol-based handrubs are superior to scrubs because they are equally effective but cause less skin irritation, are cheaper, and use less water.
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Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium in the group of aerobic spore-formers and belongs to the Bacillaceae family.
B. subtilis triggers infections only rarely. There have been reported cases of meningitis after lumbar puncture and head injury. Also other infections such as bacteraemia and pneumonia have been described. Large numbers of the pathogen can cause unspecific food poisoning with vomiting.
» Necessary spectrum of antimicrobial activity
Sporicidal