Scrubbing and rubbing
For routine surgical hand preparation alcohol-based handrubs are superior to scrubs because they are equally effective but cause less skin irritation, are cheaper, and use less water.
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Medical discipline concerned with the spatial and temporal occurrence of transmissible diseases. Studies on transmission paths and pathogen reservoirs serve as basis for deriving predictions of the spread and prevention strategies. In addition to recommendations on hygiene, the area of activity includes measures of public health promotion in case of transmissible diseases and surveillance possibilities.
