In this retrospective review, cases of professional liability of healthcare workers and institutions in relation to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) were investigated. The 140 verdicts reviewed were published between January 2016 and December 2020 at the Civil Court of Rome, Italy (representing about 20 % of cases in Italy). Overall compensations amounting to 21,243,184.43 € were paid (excl. payments made before judicidal preceedings). Orthopedics, heart surgery, and general surgery were the branches most fequently involved. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In 62.8 % of cases (88/140) there was a conviction.

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